Describing the Different Types of Abuse - 817 Words

(Ai) Describing the different types of abuse 1. Physical abuse – This is causing someone physical harm, for example hitting, pushing, slapping, kicking etc. 2. Sexual abuse – Any form of sexual activities that a person has not or cannot give consents to or have been forced into, for example rape. 3. Emotional/psychological – This is causing some mental distress by using verbal abuse, threats, humiliation, control and intimidation. 4. Financial abuse – Taking people’s money goods or property without their permission 5. Institutional abuse - Services that fail to recognise the rights of service users and offer a poor quality of care or which tolerate ways of working which cause harm to vulnerable people. 6.†¦show more content†¦Neglect by others: * Absence of prescribe medication * Absence of food, heat and hygiene * Not allowing client to have access to services * Dirty or unkempt appearance * Weight loss or gain. (Aiii) Actions that should be taken if you suspect an individual is being abuse: 1. Follow organisational procedures. 2. Report immediately to the correct person. 3. Record exactly what is suspect and why you come to that conclusion. 4. Keep it confidential – only disclose it to those who have a need to know. (Aiv) Actions that should be taken if an individual told you they are being abused: 1. Follow organisational policies and procedures. 2. Listen to them carefully. 3. Assume the individual is telling the truth. 4. Report it to your manager. 5. If it is a criminal matter you need to call the police. 6. Reassure the individual. 7. Do not ask leading questions. 8. Tell the individual what you are going to do and why. 9. Record exactly what the individual told you. 10. Preserve any evidence. (Av) Examples of ways to ensure that any evidence of abuse is kept safe: * Do not handle items unless it is necessary to move them and make them safe * Avoid physical contact with the victim if it is possible * Try to keep people out of the way * Keep itShow MoreRelatedStrategies and Working Practices Used to Minimise Abuse Essay887 Words   |  4 PagesP5= Describe strategies and working practices used to minimise abuse. In this assignment i will be describing different strategies and working practices used in different health and social care settings to minimise abuse. Looking at different characteristics of abuse is the fundamental part in trying to minimise abuse. There are different types of strategies i will be describing the following six: Written and Oral Communications Anti-Discriminatory Practices Use of IT Strategies Read MoreThe Ways We Lie By Stephanie Ericsson1146 Words   |  5 Pagesevery day without even realizing it. 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HFE usually occurs when the victimRead MoreAlcohol Is A Popular Ingredient1694 Words   |  7 Pagesshould not drink at all, including alcoholics, children, pregnant women, people taking certain medicines, and people with certain medical conditions. Anything more than moderate drinking can be risky. Heavy drinking can lead to alcoholism and alcohol abuse, as well as injuries, liver disease, heart disease, cancer, and other health problems. It can also cause problems at home, at work, and with friends. Alcohol is a fundamental part of Western culture. Because drinking is common in all culture, peopleRead MoreEssay about Unit 11 P11679 Words   |  7 Pagesassignment will describe the forms of abuse which may be experienced by adults; describing indicators that abuse may be happening to adults. It will then look at factors that may lead to abusive situations and assess the possible immediate effects of two different forms of abuse. The abuse that will be specifically looked at will be sexual and financial abuse, further extending by evaluating the potential long term effects of the two types of abuse. Abuse is a violation of a person’s civil andRead MoreDefinition Essay - Blind Violence1626 Words   |  7 Pagesphysical violence between each other, sadly, it goes way beyond that. Domestic Violence Statistics describes domestic violence as â€Å"a wife or husband beating, battering, domestic abuse, spousal abuse, and family violence.† So in essence, domestic violence can vary towards any family member and can also involve emotional abuse. This violence is so common that 32 million Americans are affected by it, and that number should almost double because it is estimated that one in three domestic violence casesRead MoreThe Effects Of Physical Abuse On Children And Young People Essay1571 Words   |  7 PagesIt is important that we as practitioners receive the most up to date training in safeguarding as the signs and symptoms, indicators and behaviours of abuse in children and young people can come in different forms, and they are physical abuse, emotional abuse, neg lect and sexual abuse. The forms of physical abuse can include signs and symptoms such as unexplainable recurrent injuries or burns, missing hair, a child running away from home, fear of going to the doctors or hospital for a medical examination

Religion and the U.S. Constitution - 1881 Words

Religion and the U.S. Constitution HIST 121 - American History to 1877 May 2008 THESIS: The Constitution reflects our founder’s views of a secular government, protecting the freedom of any belief or unbelief. Some will argue religion, specifically Christianity, played a large role in the creation of this great nation’s government, the United States Constitution; however the facts reveal otherwise. The historian, Robert Middlekauff, observed, the idea that the Constitution expressed a moral view seems absurd. There were no genuine evangelicals in the Convention, and there were no heated declarations of Christian piety.1 INTRODUCTION: When the Constitution was submitted to the American public, many people†¦show more content†¦In fact, nowhere in the Constitution do we have a single mention of Christianity, God, Jesus, or any Supreme Being. There occurs only two references to religion and they both use exclusionary wording. The 1st Amendment s says, Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion. . . and in Article VI, Section 3, ...no religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust under the United States. Thomas Jefferson interpreted the 1st Amendment in his famous letter to the Danbury Baptist Association in January 1, 1802: I contemplate with sovereign reverence that act of the whole American people which declared that their legislature should make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof, thus building a wall of separation between church and State.5 Some Religious activists try to extric ate the concept of separation between church and State by claiming that those words do not occur in the Constitution. Indeed they do not, but neither does it exactly say freedom of religion, yet the First Amendment implies both. James Madison, perhaps the greatest supporter for separation of church and State, and whom many refer to as the father of the Constitution, also held similar views which he expressed in his letter to EdwardShow MoreRelated Freedom from Religion: Perversion of the U.S. Constitution Essay2416 Words   |  10 PagesIn the two hundred and thirteen years since its ratification, the U.S. Constitution has been the very spine of America—the single-most effective element in the preservation of her sacred liberties. Contained therein are the revolutionary ideals of its framers, influenced by the precepts of Enlightenment and spurred on by their own experiences in the perils of tyrannical oppression. Thus the preservation of America’s sacred freedoms has been the result of a strict adherence to the forefathers’ insightsRead MoreUtopia Vs Constitution1039 Words   |  5 PagesBoth Sir Thomas More’s Utopia and the United States Constitution outline a form of government. 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With the two constitutions there is only a fifteen to twentyRead MoreThe World Was Made By Native American Origins And The Sky Tree1557 Words   |  7 Pagestradition was spiritual stories, such as who was the creator of the Earth. Civic documents are present in present day such as the Constitution of the United States or the Iroquois Constitution. They did share similarities such as in each spiritual story Earth started as water but differences such as religion based constitutions versus non religion based constitutions also existed. Many stories have been created explaining who actually created the Earth. Popular creation stories are â€Å"How the WorldRead MoreThe Treaty Of The Constitution Essay1441 Words   |  6 Pages1787, delegates from 13 states met in Philadelphia to write what was later to become the U.S. Constitution. This draft specifically stated what the government would do but it did not state what it couldn’t do. This became a major hurdle for the ratification of the constitution. For more than four years, there was much debate over the ratification of the U.S. Constitution. The Federalists argued that the Constitution did not need to include a Bill of individual rights and the Anti-Federalists refusedRead MoreThe History Of America Research Paper909 Words   |  4 Pagesbetween the Enlightenment and the U.S. Constitution, the Northwest Ordinance and the Bill of Rights, plus the Magna Carta and the Northwest Ordinance are substantial and played a crucial role in shaping the United State s as it is today.   Ã‚  Ã‚   During the Enlightenment a notable philosophe and public figure by the name of Montesquieu wrote a book by the name â€Å"The Spirit Of The Laws†.   This book came out in 1749, 38 years before the U.S. Constitution. 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Sebastian Essay Example For Students

Sebastian Essay Johann Sebastian BachA Great Contributor Of MusicPhilosophy Final test reviewAugustineWhat is the problem of evil?Augustine said, If god is all good, all powerful, and all knowing then there can be no evil. If god is all good, then god would not want evil to exist. If god is all powerful, then god would be able to stop evil. If god is all knowing, then god knows about evil. God is either not all good, all powerful, and all knowing. Natural evil- the suffering experienced by human and animals due to natural causes. Disease, earthquake. Moral evil- bad actions and their unfortunate consequences for which humans are responsible. Theodicyis the defense of Gods goodness and omnipotence (all powerful) in view of apparent evil. Contrast theodicy- Good would not exist- or at least we would not be able to appreciate the good, if evil did not exist. On natural evil, Augstine said that there is no independent existence for evil. Evil is parasitic on good. For example, Disease is a lack of health. On moral evil, Augustine said that Free will is a good thing but it can be used for either good or bad. Moral evil is a product of free will. Free will is worth the evil that springs from it. Free will is a justification for evil. Its better that god gave us free will than making us robots and perfect. Sin= loving more that which is of lower valueGodangels-soul (human)physical objectsnothingnessDoes gods knowledge coerce us?If god knows where we are going and what we will be doing, we do not have free will. Free will is compatible with gods divine foreknowledge. If god knows that Im going to freely choose, then it must be free choice. Refutation of SkepticianPyrrho said nothing can be known with absolute certainty.This statement is a Self referential inconsistency. Augustine agreed with the skeptics, when they said:1)I can make intellectual mistakes2)I maybe mistaken about my sense belief. Refutation of Skeptician The only thin Augustine knows for certain are:1)I exist2)I know3) I feel glad knowing I existHow do we acquire knowledge, according to Augustine?First, we have external senses (5 in total), then the data is processed by the inner senses (common sense). Reason enables awareness of intelligible objects, but reason alone wont give us internal truth, we need Divine Illumination. Divine Illumination is required for us to know necessary and eternal truths. Time and God-God is outside of time. God is atenporal, not constrained by time. Time is a contract of the human mind. PastPresent-Future1) Past is the present of things past. It is no longer. Memory2) Present is the present of things present. Attendance to direct experience. 3) Future is the present of things future. It is not yet. ExpectationsAll that exist is present instant. Like god we are above time, but unlike god we are in time and subject to it. Conversion experiencewe need God to grant a gift of grace in order to be saved. Early in Augustines life, the Pelagians accepted Augustines emphasis on human free will and responsibility. Each person has an equal chance of earning the reward of eternal life with god. But later in his life, Augustine said that the Pelagians misunderstood him. Augustine now said that, man is helpless in the grip of evil. Pelagian views make the world of Christ inessential. Against the Pelagians:Augustine asserts the need for Gods grace. He also says, our salvation is a gift of gods grace. .uc76b29e464fa0594dc31a8c20081fc1c , .uc76b29e464fa0594dc31a8c20081fc1c .postImageUrl , .uc76b29e464fa0594dc31a8c20081fc1c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc76b29e464fa0594dc31a8c20081fc1c , .uc76b29e464fa0594dc31a8c20081fc1c:hover , .uc76b29e464fa0594dc31a8c20081fc1c:visited , .uc76b29e464fa0594dc31a8c20081fc1c:active { border:0!important; } .uc76b29e464fa0594dc31a8c20081fc1c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc76b29e464fa0594dc31a8c20081fc1c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc76b29e464fa0594dc31a8c20081fc1c:active , .uc76b29e464fa0594dc31a8c20081fc1c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc76b29e464fa0594dc31a8c20081fc1c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc76b29e464fa0594dc31a8c20081fc1c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc76b29e464fa0594dc31a8c20081fc1c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc76b29e464fa0594dc31a8c20081fc1c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc76b29e464fa0594dc31a8c20081fc1c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc76b29e464fa0594dc31a8c20081fc1c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc76b29e464fa0594dc31a8c20081fc1c .uc76b29e464fa0594dc31a8c20081fc1c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc76b29e464fa0594dc31a8c20081fc1c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Muscle System EssayIs turning to god something weve done or is it something God has done through us? Paradoxical combination of Gods grace with a determination to will whats right. DescartesFather of Modern Philosophy. He looked for a solid foundation for knowledge. His epistemological view is called:Foundationalism- we must discover properly basic beliefs and then use them as a foundation for other beliefs. What he means by properly basic is, cannot possible be false. Throughout the history of music, many great composers, theorists, and instrumentalists have Please register to view the rest of this paper. Copyright 1999 2002 OPPapers.comWords/ Pages : 669 / 24

Skyscrapers Essays (1350 words) - Structural System, Skyscraper

Skyscrapers The architectural design of the 20th century skyscrapers has been redefined due to the advancement of our modern technology. Benny Louie Humanity 450 Dr. Maureen Schmid 17 May 1999 The architectural design of the 20th century skyscrapers has been redefined due to the advancement of our modern technology. In our modern society, the architectural design of skyscrapers is changing the downtown landscape of metropolitan areas. Due to the change of technologies, it has changed the architectural design of skyscraper dramatically in terms of the its function, design structures, heating and cooling systems and it social status in society. The basic function of the architecture is to provide a roof over peoples' head. The main purpose of architecture is to act as a shelter for people to protect themselves against Mother Nature. As civilization development advances, we increased our knowledge and became more creative. People start to design buildings for means of displaying wealth and social status. The skyscraper fits the criteria to show the social status of such building with great height and elegance to the society. According to O'Gorman, "architecture is a form language, of communication." (P.89) This communication is represented in the forms of texture, shape and style that reflects certain period of time. In the early period, architectures were associated with style and culture. "The Greeks built marble temples with Doric, Ionic or Corinthian columns. Egyptian architecture used heavy lotus columns, massive battered walls and pyramidal forms. The Gothic style used point arch, vast areas of stained glasses, pointed rib-vault construction." (P. 92) Each had its unique characteristic feature to express its message. In the 20th century architectural design, architecture is no longer viewed as simple shelter to provide a roof over peoples' head. Architectures are designed with a more environmental conscious issue like cost, energy conservation and practicality of the structure. The interior environment is designed according to the space function of the structures. For example, "a dance hall, needs a large open-space with sufficient room for the band and a bar and maybe for tables and chairs around the edge so that people can sit and chat." (Conway & Rowan) This concept always applies to real life situations. People don't rent more space than what they needed for. For example, a three person family will not rent a 3 bedroom apartment, unless they are financially well off. In a Victorian house, there are different corridors for different users. The servants don't use the same passage as the owners' family. (Conway & Rowan, P.4) This is similar to large hotels, employees have to use the employees entrance to access the building. These passages are not well maintained as the front of the house. "The interior environment should be safe for working, living or housing objects." (Conway & Rowan, P.17) This means that building should be at a comfortable temperature, with sufficient lighting, ability to control the transmission of noise, provide enough space for pipes, wires and ventilation ducts. Overall the architects has to take in consideration of the climates differences and regional variations of the building in designing a suitable interior environment for today's standard. The skyscraper is defined as a"building with exceptional height completely support by a frame-work, as of girders, from which the walls are suspended, as opposed to a building supported by load-bearing walls." (www.infoplease.com) The function of the skyscraper is serve as a commercial purpose. The Sears Tower is fine example of it, not only the being headquarter for Sears and Roebuck company but it also has an observation deck for the public. The skyscraper has always associated with wealth and power. To the general public, big is good; in terms of building, the taller the better. People had been fascinated with skyscraper ever since the birth of the first skyscraper in 1895. It was a 10-stories high steel frame structure designed by William Le Baron Jenney in 1885, named "Home Insurance Building." (Bennett, P.40) Over the year as steel and concrete production technologies reach a higher level, architects use these new materials to reach greater height in the design of skyscrapers. The improvement of the skyscraper structures starts from 10 floor stories to high as 150 floor stories high. The Reliance Building Chicago, USA, in 1895, 15 stories high used the semi-rigid steel frame. The semi-rigid steel frame was held together with steel beams and connected by rivets. (Bennett, P.42) The 60 stories high First Wisconsin Center, Milwaukee, USA in 1974 employed the steel belt truss with framed shear truss. This structure used the horizontal trusses at the upper and lower stories to enhance

Interstate Highways

Interstate Highways An interstate highway is any highway built under the auspices of the Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956 and funded by the federal government. The idea for interstate highways came from Dwight D. Eisenhower after he saw the benefits of the Autobahn during wartime Germany. There are now over 42,000 miles of interstate highways in the United States. Eisenhowers Idea On July 7, 1919, a young army captain named Dwight David Eisenhower joined 294 other members of the army and departed from Washington D.C. in the militarys first automobile caravan across the country. Due to poor roads and highways, the caravan averaged five miles per hour and took 62 days to reach Union Square in San Francisco. At the end of World War II, General Dwight David Eisenhower surveyed the war damage to Germany and was impressed by the durability of the Autobahn. While a single bomb could make a train route useless, Germanys wide and modern highways could often be used immediately after being bombed because it was difficult to destroy such a wide swath of concrete or asphalt. These two experiences helped show President Eisenhower the importance of efficient highways. In the 1950s, America was frightened of nuclear attack by the Soviet Union (people were even building bomb shelters at home). It was thought that a modern interstate highway system could provide citizens with evacuation routes from the cities and would also allow the rapid movement of military equipment across the country. The Plan for Interstate Highways Within a year after Eisenhower became President in 1953, he began to push for a system of interstate highways across the United States. Although federal highways covered many areas of the country, the interstate highway plan would create 42,000 miles of limited-access and very modern highways. Eisenhower and his staff worked for two years to get the worlds largest public works project approved by Congress. On June 29, 1956, the Federal Aid Highway Act (FAHA) of 1956 was signed and the Interstates, as they would be known, began to spread across the landscape. Requirements for Each Interstate Highway The FAHA provided for federal funding of 90% of the cost of the Interstates, with the state contributing the remaining 10%. The standards for the Interstate Highways were highly regulated- lanes were required to be twelve feet wide, shoulders were ten feet wide, a minimum of fourteen feet of clearance under each bridge was required, grades had to be less than 3%, and the highway had to be designed for travel at 70 miles per hour. However, one of the most important aspects of the Interstate Highways was their limited access. Although prior federal or state highways allowed, for the most part, any road to be connected to the highway, the Interstate Highways only allowed access from a limited number of controlled interchanges. With over 42,000 miles of Interstate Highways, there were to be only 16,000 interchanges- less than one for every two miles of road. That was just an average; in some rural areas, there are dozens of miles between interchanges. The First and Last Stretches of Interstate Highway Completed Less than five months after the FAHA of 1956 was signed, the first stretch of Interstate opened in Topeka, Kansas. The eight-mile piece of highway opened on November 14, 1956. The plan for the Interstate Highway system was to complete all 42,000 miles within 16 years (by 1972.) Actually, it took 27 years to complete the system. The last link, Interstate 105 in Los Angeles, was not completed until 1993. Signs Along the Highway In 1957, the red, white, and blue shield symbol for the Interstates numbering system was developed. Two-digit Interstate Highways are numbered according to direction and location. Highways running north-south are odd numbered while highways running east-west are even numbered. The lowest numbers are in the west and in the south. Three-digit Interstate Highway numbers represent beltways or loops, attached to a primary Interstate Highway (represented by the last two numbers of the beltways number). Washington D.C.s beltway is numbered 495 because its parent highway is I-95. In the late 1950s, the signs displaying white lettering on a green background were made official. Specific motorist-testers drove along a special stretch of highway and voted on which color was their favorite- 15% liked white on black, 27% liked white on blue, but 58% liked white on green best. Why Does Hawaii Have Interstate Highways? Although Alaska has no Interstate Highways, Hawaii does. Since any highway built under the auspices of the Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956 and funded by the federal government is called an interstate highway, a highway does not have to cross state lines to count as one. In fact, there are many local routes that lie entirely within a single state funded by the Act. For example, on the island of Oahu are the Interstates H1, H2, and H3, which connect important military facilities on the island. Interstate Highway Urban Legend Some people believe that one mile out of every five on interstate highways is straight to serve as emergency airplane landing strips. According to Richard F. Weingroff, who works in the Federal Highway Administrations Office of Infrastructure, No law, regulation, policy, or sliver of red tape requires that one out of five miles of the Interstate Highway System must be straight. Weingroff says that its a complete hoax and urban legend that the Eisenhower Interstate Highway System requires that one mile in every five must be straight to be usable as airstrips in times of war or other emergencies. Besides, there are more overpasses and interchanges than there are miles in the system, so even if there were straight miles, planes attempting to land would quickly encounter an overpass on their runway. Side Effects of Interstate Highways The Interstate Highways that were created to help protect and defend the United States of America were also to be used for commerce and travel. Though no one could have predicted it, the Interstate Highway was a major impetus for in the development of suburbanization and sprawl of U.S. cities. While Eisenhower never desired the Interstates to pass through or reach into the major cities of the U.S., it happened, and along with the Interstates came the problems of congestion, smog, automobile dependency, drop in densities of urban areas, the decline of mass transit, and others. Can the damage produced by the Interstates be reversed? A great deal of change would be needed to bring it about.

How will climate change affect the trucking industry

How will climate change affect the trucking industry If you go into nursing or teaching, your career probably won’t be affected much by changes to the environment around you. After all, your job is contained within four walls, usually in a stable, temperature-controlled environment. Wild changes in climate or weather are unlikely to do much to your career in the long term. But what if you have a more outdoor-facing job, where environmental changes can impact what you’re doing, where you do it, and how you do it? That’s one of the reasons that climate change has the potential to make a big impact on the trucking industry in the years to come. It might seem like truck drivers won’t be majorly impacted by environmental changes- after all, freight will still need to get from point A to point B, regardless. But changes in climate, temperature, and even the trucks themselves are all likely to affect how drivers do their jobs. Although there is still a good deal of disagreement about the causes of climate change an d its probable impacts, let’s look at some ways climate change could potentially affect the trucking industry.Some types of trucking will become much more difficult.If you’ve ever seen an episode of the show Ice Road Truckers, you know that it involves transporting cargo in the far north’s most frozen, treacherous areas. According to Scientific American, the roads and routes used for this style of trucking are in serious danger if warming trends continue. It will be unsafe to create the roads that these truckers currently use, limiting the places these roads can go. And the season for driving in these arctic regions will be even shorter, affecting schedules and key routes, as well as truckers’ ability to get in and out.Fuel prices may rise.According to AllTrucking.com, this is one of the more immediate consequences of climate change and warming. For real-world examples of how this works, see how fuel prices have risen after major catastrophic weather even ts like Hurricanes Harvey and Irma. Many climate scientists expect that intense storms like these will continue to be more common and frequent as climate change progresses. This growing unpredictability means that truckers and logistics professionals should expect to see significant fluctuations in fuel prices. This has a direct impact on business for trucking companies and drivers themselves and will likely lead to more innovations when it comes to making trucks and transportation less expensive and more efficient.Trucks will need to become more fuel-efficient.To counter rising fuel prices and shortages, much of the trucking industry’s current focus is on creating more fuel-efficient vehicles for transporting freight. Emissions from vehicles, including trucks, are seen as one of the leading contributors to climate change issues. In order to make trucks have less impact on the environment and ensure that they’re using fewer resources to get the job done, that means ref ining engines, tires, and other truck components to maximize trucks’ efficiency. And it’s not just trucks themselves- drivers may need to adapt for fuel efficiency as well, adjusting speed and idling time to increase fuel economy and decrease carbon emissions.Trucks of the future will need sustainable technology.â€Å"Sustainability† is the buzzword that applies here. Trucking is a very fossil-fuel-heavy industry, relying on gas and diesel to power the logistics. And while it may seem silly to think of a big rig driving by with solar panels on top, this is a very real possibility in the future. â€Å"Green† transportation technology is growing more popular (think Tesla), and companies are trying to find ways to make existing vehicles like trucks run on hybrid power sources (like gas and electricity) or entirely on green energy sources like electric, clean domestic fuels, and maybe even solar power someday. The U.S. government’s Office of Energy Eff iciency and Renewable Energy (EERE) is focused on developing next-generation technologies that will make the trucking industry more sustainable.Supply chain logistics may change.It’s likely that trucking changes will happen as part of broader changes in the logistics industry. Warehouses, shipping hubs, and garages may see increased initiatives around recycling, environmental sustainability, emergency preparedness, and other policies that focus on reducing the carbon footprint of the industry. And depending on whether some regions become more prone to extreme weather, it could affect planned routes and lead to different travel patterns for truck drivers. And it’s not just trucking-specific concerns- disruptions in electrical power and communications in general can have sweeping effects on the transportation industry in general. As the transportation industry tries to compensate for these potential issues, the trucking industry will follow suit.Emergency preparedness wi ll be even more important.Truckers need to be prepared for anything that happens on the road- mechanical issues, traffic issues, blocked routes, the works. When something does go wrong, it’s often just the trucker and his or her rig stuck troubleshooting until they can get safely to the next place. And with a potential increase in extreme weather events, that means having solid emergency plans in place. Trucking companies and individual drivers will be tasked with ensuring that everyone is fully trained on how to respond to any event safely and efficiently.An example of this kind of step up in emergency planning is how the TSA has responded to security and terror threats, developing sophisticated screening and preparedness plans in case of emergency. Because so much of trucking depends on the weather and ability of the drivers to get from Point A to Point B, we could see the industry develop similar large-scale plans to compensate for weather disasters.Truckers may need more and different training.In order to become a truck driver, you already need a basic Commercial Driver’s License (CDL). On top of that, drivers have the option to get â€Å"endorsements,† or additional certifications for different kinds of driving. Right now, these endorsements include things like double trailers, passenger vehicles, tank vehicles, and hazardous materials. Some experts believe that in the future, with increased regulation and a global focus on environmental sustainability, there may be climate change-inspired endorsements related to environmental standards and contingency planning. Because each state has its own CDL program, they can tailor these standards to the environmental issues most likely to impact their state. For example, warming in Alaska would lead to different environmental concerns than, say, increased hurricanes in Florida or along the Gulf Coast, so any changes in state-specific CDL certifications would be connected to geography and likely possibilities.U.S. road infrastructure will change.Extreme weather like major storms and flooding can cause major damage to the infrastructure roads and highways that truckers rely on to keep freight moving around the country. Deteriorating roads can increase traffic, which means increasing fuel use and carbon emissions, not to mention throwing off scheduled and logistics. One of the more intriguing options for fighting this infrastructure erosion is self-fixing roads. It sounds super-futuristic, doesn’t it? But some materials scientists are already researching ways that common materials like steel wool can help roads â€Å"heal† themselves when they suffer damage from flooding or general deterioration. Better roads mean better day-to-day results for truck drivers, making it easier to transport cargo and reduce wear-and-tear on the trucks themselves. Improvements to infrastructure that compensate for future damage will help the trucking industry maintain efficiency (o r even improve on current levels of efficiency).Truckers will become data analysts.Truck driving will still never be that 9-to-5 job in a cubicle, but drivers may find themselves becoming better acquainted with environmental data- like emissions statistics and the impact of their truck and routes on the immediate environment in order to make sure they’re meeting set environmental standards while delivering their freight in the most cost- and time-effective ways.Innovation and flexibility will be key.The ability to adapt and change no matter what the environment throws at us is going to be crucial in every industry moving forward, but even more so in industries where the elements outside have a direct impact on the bottom line. Trucking is an industry that has the potential to align its environmental concerns with its business concerns and prepare for an uncertain environmental future. Even if some of the more dire climate change predictions never come to pass, this shift towa rd environmental responsibility and adaptability are still likely to affect the trucking industry in the years and decades to come.

Compensation and Benefits in regards to legislation Essay

Compensation and Benefits in regards to legislation - Essay Example Compensation and benefits basically are employees’ protection, but most of the workers experience deprivation. However, the government aims the development of labor group and several orders---which were conferred on this work---were enacted to achieve this. Racial discrimination is a major social issue that has a significant effect on a person’s life, especially the lives of the ones being discriminated. Even at the immediate moment, when it is said that discrimination has diminished, it is still evident in several workplaces. It is one reason why certain positions are filled only by American (White Race), and the Blacks, as well as the other races still don’t get as much opportunity. Executive Order 11246 and other labor laws were enacted to put a stop to this. Another factor that affects the labor group is gender discrimination. Most companies opt to hire men over women for the reason that women are entitled to maternity leaves. True, this may have a negative effect on companies especially with jobs that can’t wait or the ones that require daily transmission or submission of documents. Maternity leave is a paid absence, hence, the company is ordered to pay for an employer who is not even working. Choosing to hire men over women may seem practical, but it is obviously a form of discrimination and is definitely unjust for women; legislations were enacted to minimize cases of gender discrimination and other instances of unfairness: enforcement of Parts II and III of this Order. The Secretary shall adopt such rules and regulations and issue such orders as are deemed necessary and appropriate to achieve the purposes of Parts II and III of this Order. Sec. 202. Except in contracts exempted in accordance with Section 204 of this Order, all Government contracting agencies shall include in every Government contract hereafter entered into the following provisions: employment because of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. The

Professional Portfolio Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Professional Portfolio - Assignment Example Correspondingly, I would provide a structured portfolio of mine, where I will include a brief description of my educational platform, learning theory along with curriculum map and the use of tools that I have initiated throughout the course of my learning as an educator. Professional Portfolio Educational Platform and Learning Theory Education is one of the most vital aspects of growth for any individual. Understanding the value of learning as the cornerstone of a successful life, individuals from various age groups and demographics have started taking participation in the educational sector. In this regard, the role of an educator has become quite prominent over the years owing to their significance in forming the educational career of an individual. As an educator, I feel esteemed to be rewarded with the opportunity to assist learners in developing their skills and abilities with regard to their competent areas. Correspondingly, in my professional experience, I was able to learn th at an ideal educator is of extreme need to develop the skills and capabilities that might be in need to provide a proper learning experience to the students. In consideration to all these facets, I desire myself to be in a professional career associated with education. ... Additionally, with reference to my desire of becoming an educator will always intend towards maintaining an atmosphere, which will encourage maximum concentration amid the learners and facilitate effective learning in-turn. It would also be vital to mention that I am quite appreciative towards adopting proper learning theories that would allow me to have proper control over the learning capabilities of the students. As per my experience, adoption of effective learning theory is quite important to facilitate learners’ effective performance. Out of the various principles of learning, I prefer Readiness, which depicts that a learner can be able to learn more when he/she is physically, mentally, as well as emotionally deciphers the yearning to learn. Correspondingly, adoption of such theory requires me to create interest among the students by presenting the value of a particular topic or a subject matter. In my professional career, I also emphasize posing continuous mental as well as physical challenges, with the intention to keep the learners’ interests intact for a longer period of time. Curriculum Map and Assessment Strategy Based on my personal and professional experiences, I was able to understand that setting efficient curriculum is among the major needs in the field of education. Educational institutions all over the world have well identified the needs to develop an effective curriculum where learners would be able to perform better. Correspondingly, the role of an educator is also vital in such cases. I, as an educator, understand this particular facet in my role and ensure best possible contribution towards the same. I was mainly engaged with the Master of Education

Walkers presentation of Sofia and Harpo Essay Example for Free

Walkers presentation of Sofia and Harpo Essay Alice walker uses a variety of techniques to present the characters of Sofia and Harpo during page 60 of The Color Purple. I will be exploring a number of lexical, grammatical and phonological choices, as well as other techniques, in the order they appear in the letter and will be discussing how these can lead to the development of attitudes and values. The introduction to the Sofia and Harpo relationship shows the reversal of the fixed stereotype perpetuated by other couples in the novel that a man should lead and a woman should follow. Previous letters depict Harpo as the feminine, subservient man, crying like his heart gon break. While Sofia is much the dominant figure in the way she is marching like going to war. In not conforming to the basic male-female stereotypes we see Sofia working on the roof while Harpo is happy to hold the baby and give it a kiss. However, once Harpo sees that he is losing face he begins to eat gluttonously as he believes that physical strength leads to power. Although this gluttony could in fact be comfort eating and so is associated with his feminine image. Harpos need for control then extends to the bedroom, where Sofia says once he git on top of me I think bout how thats where he always want to be. The situation here as well as the previously accumulating tensions has led Sofia to believe that she need a vacation. Walker states that Sofias sisters are all big strong healthy girls, the words big and strong both have very powerful connotations. The two words are used very commonly and are short and simple; this reflects the simplicity of the sisters in terms of erudition but the physical power in terms of strength and dominance. Both words are mono-syllabic and consonance on the g sound differs between the two words. The word big is a very short sounding word and also has connotations for pregnancy and reflects how Sofias sisters can face what life has thrown at them in terms of relationships. The word strong, however, has a continuous sound created by the nasal sound on the n. This sound portrays an image of continuing struggle to be a woman. Walker compares the attributes of the sisters to that of amazons, a tribe of women warriors; reflecting how Sofias sisters are striving to turn around the appearance of women as being the inferior race. An image is created of the sisters appearing to rescue Sofia from the grasps of an evil husband named Harpo. Even though Sofia is in fact similar to her sisters in terms of physical appearance, she lacks emotional strength to tackle the problem of Harpo, as deep down she still loves him. Sofia needs to be given strength from the rest of her family to eventually gather enough courage to leave.

Women In The Industrial Revolution Essays -- Womens Studies

Women's Work in the Industrial Revolution The industrial revolution swept through Europe and North America during the 19th century, affecting the class structure, economy, government, and even the religious practices of everyone who lived in or did commerce with these new "industrialized nations." It made the modern age possible, but it was not without its "growing pains." The position of women before the industrial revolution was often equivalent to chattel, and then as now, they were expected to take naturally to housework and child rearing. The history of working women in the Industrial Revolution is rife with accounts of abuse and tragedy, but overall it improved their position in capitalist societies. Below, I will explain the different positions women held in society, the home, and the workplace during the Industrial Revolution in Europe and America, and compare them to history and to contemporary women. Women in Victorian Society It is important to remember that the Industrial Revolution came to a close with the end of the Victorian era. The technology of the industrial revolution (and the economy of colonialism) made a large amount of surplus consumer materials available. Cheap food and clothing improved the average quality of life of the working poor, allowing them to have more children who lived longer, creating a larger labor pool. Larger families required mothers to work more hours in the home and out of it. This was reinforced in England and the US by the development of Victorian morality, which placed the ideal woman at the head of an ideal household, leading the moral life of the nation. At the beginning of the industrial revolution, women suffered from decreasing job opportunities, as "cotta... ...f indentured servitude that was one of the main motivations behind the labor movement. Conclusion Women's lives changed drastically in the Industrial Revolution, whether they stayed home and benefited from new advances in consumer-goods technology, or if they worked factory jobs. The opportunities that industrialization offered women carried the same risks to health and happiness as those offered to working men, but they also brought about a sea change in social acceptance of women's self-sufficiency and weakened the concept of woman as home- and baby-maker. Although tragedies like the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire and the exploitative practices of the Industrial Revolution affected women in negative ways that even now, the current economy has not fully eradicated, it was the first in a series of huge steps that gave gender equality considerable momentum.

Library Media Center Essay

Libraries have always been a source of knowledge and almost unlimited information for students, lovers of literature, and researchers. The ability to find the information needed is in the hands of the Librarian. This individual is well versed in all library materials from microfiche to non-fiction books and the fastest way to access these materials. This reflection paper examines three programs and technologies associated with Library Media, along with the qualities required for an outstanding Media Library Manager. As technology has advanced so has its place in the library realm. Library Media Programs The media programs found in school libraries operated by certified teacher-librarians give students access to various resources that help the students become well versed in their academic world. The learning requirements for school students continue to advance and students need some help to meet that challenge. This is also an area that is important to the district as well as individual schools. The following is a list of five library media programs that will be beneficial to schools, teachers, and students. Reading Promotion Under this program literature gets a breath of fresh air. Stories and concepts that might have seem boring and outdated to modern day school children gain a new appreciation and critical thinking through activities such as readers’ advisories, booktalks, and awards programs (OSPI). Modern day students are several generations removed from the time of Shakespeare and the concepts of old English. It is important to show the students that Macbeth, Othello, and other classical forms of literature can teach them modern day life skills. By engaging the students in critical thinking to determine how classical literature can be used in their everyday lives keeps these magnificent works alive in the hearts of the next generation and they serve a functional purpose. Information & Resource Management In order to ensure that all the materials students need are readily available, up to date and easily located there must be a high degree of resource management. Some ways to make sure these resources are properly catalogues are: library collections, databases, web pages, and/or instructional resources (OSPI). Children live in the world of ease of use and quick access. If students come into the school library and cannot find the information they need then they will not come back or only come back when absolutely necessary? Curriculum & Instruction Collaboration As mentioned in the previous section students come into the library to find resources in order to answer questions about their homework, get information for papers, and study for tests. It is important that the teachers and the librarians stay in touch when it comes to the school curriculum (OSPI). Communication between the two parties allows for the right materials for the job and various forms of those materials to be distributed or available to the students. In this ways learning is made much simpler. Information Services This is the area where print and electronic information resources come together. It is imperative that students and teachers are taught the most effective means to access and use these materials (OSPI). Without specific training students may become frustrated and then waist time doing unproductive activities. Also, the teachers need to appear knowledgeable to the students. Students need to have the ability to access knowledge from print in traditional ways as well as the knowledge to gather electronic information in the modern way. Library Program Advocacy â€Å"Communicate the school library program’s vision, goals, and learning objectives to administration, staff, parents, and community to advance the program and its role in the learning environment (OSPI). † Libraries like any other department or program require funding in order to compete with other departments and programs. The library is only known for dusty books  and as a place of study; this may not interest children or their parents. The community, the parents, and the children must all be well informed about the importance of the library for their own educational purposes as well as those of future generations. The next section is dedicated to the types of technologies that libraries use in relation to its media. Library Media Technologies There are different types of technologies to be had when dealing with the library. One of the most common is the personal computer that has been integrated into the system. There are also additional technologies such as Web 2. 0 and Library 2. 0, which will be discussed in detail in the next sections. Computers Computer is devices used to store, retrieved, produce, and search for resources. Personal computers are used by adults and children to surf the Internet, chat online, complete work projects and homework assignments. It stands to reason that computers would make their way into the library system. The card catalogue has been a long standing record keeper in the library world. This collection of information on materials and their location was often housed in big wood or metal cabinets that the students would need to access. The information about the materials was literally printed on cards that the children had to read in order to fiction, non-fiction and other assortments of resources. Now with the advent of computers the card catalogue has been revolutionized. All the information found on the cards in the card catalogue can now be found on the computer in an electronic database. This is much easier for the library patrons because any computer in the library will have the information and there is no longer a need to line up in a central location to get resource information. Also, the need to consult with the librarian reduces because the patrons can now find the information for themselves. There are even programs on the computers that tell the patrons exactly where to go to find the materials. If after all the information is given from the electronic card catalogue and the patron still cannot find the location then the librarian is summoned. At first this might seem like a bad thing because librarians need jobs but this new freedom allows the librarians to become better skilled at finding and teaching patrons how to best utilize the library media resources. This education includes ways to use both the regular and the electronic card catalogues. There is always the possibility that the Intranet or Internet will go down but that will not stop the need to study and get homework done. Speaking of the electronic means to complete assignments it is time to discuss Web 2. 0 and Library 2. 0. Web 2. 0 Web 2. 0 incorporates these concepts: collaboration, wisdom of crowds, personalization, community, web-based, and transparency (Vacek). This new program has broadened the horizons of Internet users. One of the hottest ideas was creating a personal websites that others could see, interact with, and then possibly leave comments. Now this idea has evolved into blogging websites. An individual can post a question or place a statement and then open the floor for several different users to provide their opinions and help exchange their knowledge. This is part of that sense of community discussed in the previous paragraph. It is important to note that anyone using information from websites such as blogs should double check the information with sources from the school library database and other trusted academic websites. These are the websites that end in . org and . gov. Moving patrons to another leave is Library 2. 0. Library 2. 0 â€Å"Any service, physical or virtual, that successfully reaches users, is evaluated frequently, and makes sue of customer input is a Library 2. 0 service. Even older, traditional services can be Library 2. 0 if criteria are met (Vacek). † Library 2. 0 can provide magazines online for students and adults to access at any point in time. It provides links to websites such as LinkedIn and Facebook which are types of community websites. The first is based on a community of professionals. Facebook, an important form of social media, provides a chance for students and adults to access company information and also to provide their information for potential jobs. Library 2. 0 has advanced features such as library suggestion box, globally available services, and making information easier to find and access (Vacek). Traditionally, the suggestion box was a box located within a building that was specifically designed to get feedback from patrons about a product or service that might need improvement. Now patrons can access suggestions boxes online in the form of feedback. Globally availability of services means that patrons are no long shackled to one location. Anyone with an online connection can access the information from any location. And of course as talked about previously the very usage of computers with the proper training provides ease of use for the patrons. The next section is dedicated to librarians and how they utilize the media in the library. Media Management Librarians It was previously mentioned that the librarian was the primary helper of the library patrons. These were the experts that performed almost all the library functions for the patrons. These individuals showed the patrons were the card catalogue was located, how to read the information on the cards and then directed them to the location of the sought after materials. In many cases the librarians had to go with the patrons to find the information which could be a hassle sometimes. While one person was being led by the librarian the other patrons would most likely have to wait depending on the number of librarians were available to assist. There were times when the librarian would actually retrieve the information for the patrons and then stamp the books to let the patrons know when the materials were due for return. In the modern world of library media management the entire process of finding and acquiring materials is very different. The librarian is still the resource person but in a different capacity. Since the advent of technology almost all the materials and resources the patrons need can now be found through the electronic database. This means that a patron can access the electronic card catalogue from any computer in the library. The location and availability of the resource in question will be displayed on the screen. The interaction between the librarian and the patrons becomes that of teacher and resource guide. The librarians now have the job of adequately training the patrons, new and old about the electronic databases and how to effectively use them to find materials. It is also important for the librarians to teach the patrons how to use the traditional means to find information like the actual card catalogue. There are certain characteristics required to make an effective media librarian such as certification to best satisfy and assist the patrons. Media Librarian Characteristics One of the main characteristics required for an excellent media librarian manager is certification. â€Å"A professionally-trained library media specialist can optimize each of the other impact factors (quality of information resources, level of patron usage, and level of instructional collaboration), maximizing their program’s impact on student achievement (Spinks). † The level of achievement that is obtained from having certified media librarian managers continues to increase. This does not mean the uncertified staff members no longer serve a purpose. These individuals would be better suited for positions such as clerical workers and operational task assistants. Another way that certification can help make the media library experience more effective is to link the curriculum of the teachers with the library materials that are available for the students. Sometimes when I teacher creates a curriculum or is given one for the students during a school year that are supplemental materials needed to complete the assignments. These materials may not be available with the original set of books for the class. When the certified media librarians and the teachers work together all the materials needed can be reasonability acquired. With the new tools provided by technology the students could easily get access to the materials through the Internet or the electronic database. The students could learn about new resources such as GoogleSholar if academic journals and materials are needed. There will be some materials that the students are not allowed to take out of the library but at least the students will have the information available for their use. The librarian can get a list of materials for the subjects that teachers do submit and then order those materials. The media librarian and the teachers  can communicate through e-mail or face to face in order to discuss any changes that need to be made after the order has come in. It has also been briefly discussed how additional training is needed and administered by the media librarian. The concept of the teaching is quite simple; the media librarian is an expert concerning the new technologies and programs that are used within the library. It then becomes the librarians responsibly to make sure that the patrons are familiar with the new technologies and programs so they can retrieve resources faster. Trainings can be conducted during the time the students are in the library or special times may be allotted for this type of training. The trainings can be repeated as needed when new material comes out, new technologies are implemented, or new programs have been added to the media library. Diversity is very important and the media librarian must take that into consideration when authorizing new technologies and programs. The media library materials need to include information about African Americans, Asian Americans, Islamic Americans, LGBT, and disabled patrons. Materials available in Braille and also that are voice activated would be very important to the learning process of the individual. Another benefit is the opportunity to learn about another culture from materials that are located in the library. Conclusion The sources of knowledge and information for the modern day patron are no longer isolated to printed materials and the traditional library. Even the traditional librarian has undergone a huge change. Programs like advocacy coupled with technologies such Library 2.0 are able to draw in more interested parties and with the help of a certified librarian the possibilities to new knowledge are expounded. The more the patrons become familiarized with the materials and how to get them the more time the librarian can take on improving his or her own skills concerning. In the near future there may be no need for these gladiators of the new library world. It would be possible for people to download information directly into their devices with a tutorial on how to use them. Only time will tell the wonders of this new media concerning libraries, librarians, and patrons. Let’s keep our eyes open. References  Spinks, A. (2009). Library Media Programs and Student Achievement. Retrieved May 13, 2013 from http://www. cobbk12. org/librarymedia/proof/research. pdf State of Washington Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction (OSPI). (n. d. ). School Library Media Programs and Teacher-Librarians. Retrieved May 13, 2013 from http://www. k12. wa. us/SchoolLibrary/ Wools, B. (2008). The school library media manager (4th ed. ). Westport, CT: Libraries Unlimited. Vacek, R. (n. d. ). Technology Trends in Libraries – Today & Tomorrow. Retrieved May 13, 2013 from http://www. slideshare. net/vacekrae/technology-trends-in-libraries-today-tomorrow.

Effectiveness of a Country’s Educational Provision Essay

Introduction In the last quarter of the twentieth century, an increasing consensus developed concerning the link between economic prosperity and effectiveness of a country’s educational provision. As globalization gathered pace dramatically in the 1980’s and 199’s, this link became more overt as the comparison and competitiveness between nations inevitably increases. At the heart of the argument for the link, is the need for an educational workforce, without which a country’s economy will not keep pace.1 In the World Conference on Education For All, which assembled Jomtien, Thailand, it was recognized that the current provision of education seriously deficient and that it must be made relevant, qualitatively improve and made universally available to enable every person, child, and adult to meet the basic learning needs. These needs comprise both essential earning tools such as __________________ 1 David Middle Wood and Carlo Cardno, â€Å"Managing Teacher Performance. and the learning content (such as knowledge, skills, values and attitudes) required by human beings to be able to survive, to develop to their full capacities to live and work with dignity, to participate fully in development, to improve the quality of lives, to make informed decisions and to continue learning. 2 Education is the vital key to national development. More important is the training and development of human resources of teachers who are the frontiers of our educative pursuit. American may continue to lead the word of science and technology but its record of educating its citizens in those subjects is fairly dismal. An NSF panel has spent 128 months examining the state of Science, Mathematics,  Engineering and Technology (SME) and at the undergraduate level and reviewing hundreds of comments from academic. The overwhelming consensus is that most of the SME courses acts as filters. They screen out all but the promising students- those embarking on __________________ careers, leaving majority of the graduates with litters understanding of how science works. This worries the policy makers because many disgruntled students become teachers with little enthusiasm for the subject perpetuating a cycle of scientific and technological.4 Ana Marie Pamintuan, in her column entitled â€Å"Sketches†, in the December 12, 2000 issue of the Philippines Start stated: â€Å"In a season of bad news, there was one item I found particularly depressing. Filipino first year high school students ranked 36th among 38 countries in the Third International Mathematics and Science Studies (TIMSS). According to result, in the latest TIMSS, Japan ran fifth in Mathematics and fourth in Science. It can be expected that many people will really blame the education system for the Filipino students’ dismal performance. Although the schools along with the curriculum, teacher, supervisor, administrators and other elements that comprise the input components of the school as a social system, should take part of the blame. 5 __________________ 4 National Science Foundation, 1999). 5 Aquino, G. Effective Teaching. EDCOM reports that teacher is poorly trained. Many teachers at all levels do not have the optimum qualification for teaching. The proportion of high school teachers of science and mathematics, for example, do not have even  the minimal preparation for the teaching ranges from 54.6 percent to 5 percent. IN the 1991 DOST test given to both teachers and students in first year of the Second Education Program (SEDP), the total mean percentage score (54.08) of the first year high school teachers was only 8.79 points higher than those of the students (42.29). This deplorable performance can be traced to poor teacher training and the low quality of students enrolled in the teacher training.6 To further upgrade the standard of science education in the Philippines, the Department of science and Technology (DOST), University of the Philippines Science and Mathematics Education (UP-SMED) now National Institute for Science and Mathematics Education (NISMED), the Department of Education (DepEd) and the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) have launched a joint project, the purpose of which is to __________________ 6 (EDOM: 1995). develop human resources which would ultimately enhance and upgrade the capabilities of science and mathematics teachers. The core program was the development of thinking skills through practical work and laboratory experiment.7 These are challenging times for the country’s educational system Cooperative efforts at all levels of instruction are directed towards common goal to improve the quality of education. Much more evident are such efforts aimed at reform in Science Education. Varied approaches and techniques have been pioneered to make classroom filled with fruitful investigations to uncover new and useful informations. A great variety of instructional materials and facts intended for daily classroom instruction have been assembled utilizing the indigenous resources of the community. Innovative procedures of presenting learning tasks have been tried to make every teaching-learning situation, encounter more exciting and hallenging.8 Of the 50 schools tested, ___________________  it was revealed what students from 20 schools did not master the topic taught, 27 schools nearing mastery, and only 1 school reported mastery level.9 The low performance of students in science also became the justification for the formulation and launching of the Science and Technology Education Plan (STEP) with Project RISE (Rescue Initiative for Science Education) as one of its project under the manpower development component. One of the major problems cited in the Accomplishment Report prepared by STEP stated, â€Å"every little was done about following up the trainees on in their use of their acquired skills.10  The problem reported b the STEP, prompted the researcher, being one of the trainors of the program, Project RISE, at the Regional Science and Teaching Center (RSTC-UEP) to assess the accomplishment of Project RISE, as to whether it achieved the goal and objectives set for – the training of science teachers to ___________________ improve their teaching competencies and raise the performance levels of the students in General Science. Statement of the Problem This study will try to assess the effectiveness of Project RISE in the Secondary Schools in the Division of Northern Samar, using the DOST-SET Monitoring and Evaluation Forms from its implantation in 1998. Specifically, this study will try to answer at the following questions. 1. What is the extent of accomplishment of Project RISE in terms of: 1. Objective of the program 2. Course content 3. Participants’ profile 4. Trainers profile 2. What is the status of the processing variables such as the following: 1. Teachers 1. Attitude towards teaching General Science 2. Content knowledge and laboratory skills 3. Classroom management 4. Time management 5. Teaching strategies 6. Skills in the utilization of instructional material 7. Skills maintaining classroom discussion 8. Skills in motivating 2. Administrators 1. Administrative support 3. Student 1. Attitudes towards General Science 3. What is the status of Project RISE on the following: 1. Teaching competencies of the teacher-participants as observed and evaluated by the principal. 2. Teacher’s perception on how the training improved their competencies. 3. Student’s performance in General Science/ Theoretical Framework The framework for the evaluation of Project RISE in the Division of Northern Samar particularly in General Science, will make use of the system theory propounded by Millilin. System theory engages a process of examining a school system or educational system (for a program or project), not by piecemeal approach where every element of the system stand independent of the others, but as an organic group of elements, as a system with interaction subsystems inside the school system (social, economic, cultural, political and technological), a system that contributes to society through its outputs the same society from which the school received its inputs, and  layer on as a system that receive feedbacks from the society as to the defined â€Å"value added† through outputs.11 Moreover, that the system theory gives a holistic view of advocating its internal efficiency as well as its external productivity: it calls for an interdisciplinary approach which mean that I considers how all the various system are interrelated, and it is a _________________  self-connective approach because it considers and profits from feedbacks received from its environs.12 The appraisal process using the system theory is hinged on the input, throughput and output concepts. The input includes the setting of verifiable objectives that become standards: the throughputs refers to the actually performance of the organization that is being evaluated; the outputs include the measuring of performance against standards such as the formal type of comprehensive review. A build in feedback mechanism pinpoint the flaws or errors in program implementation. Then corrective actions for undesirable deviation from standards are formulated. The system of evaluation is cyclical in nature consistent of formulation, implementation, monitoring and feedback pointing to the continuous assessment for program revision and improvement. Whichever is pinpointed as error implementation become the focus corrective decisions and actions and for program revisions. The advantage of the system evaluation concept lie in its ability to correct program errors at their earliest stages. Early direction and correction of ____________________ 12 Ibid. program implementation errors diminish the possibilities of incurring financial losses and unnecessary waste of efforts by the personnel implementing the program.  Therefore, assessing Project RISE, specially those having bearing on its accomplishments and innovations achieved by the teacher trainees in General  Science six year after might be a sound decision. This study is also supported by Bautista’s theory on evaluation, which shed light to the program design, assesses the implementation in terms of results of long effects. It is evaluation that provides timely and realistic feedback to the change agents, making the maximization of fiscal manpower resources possible. Programs are not evaluated attend to maintain a status quo to stagnate subsequently. One type of evaluation is the ex-post evaluation or impact evaluation. This is undertaken to determine whether the program or project merits expansion or replication in other areas and ascertain what aspects can be modified to improve implementation in other area. This study is then called an impact evaluation because it with try to assess the _________________  status of Project RISE teachers’ train on their overall performance as General Science Teachers. Carino’s theory, also sustains that accountability is a central problem of the government. The activities of civil servants and public agencies must follow the will of the people to whom they are ultimately responsible. The public ness of their employment and goals therefore prescribe their behavior and circumscribe their choice. Therefore, all individuals and office continue to have a range of options as to how they would act. The evaluation of whether such action would be within the bounds of their authority is referent to the concepts of accountability. Accountability focuses on the following: 1) regularity of fiscal transactions and the faithful compliance as well as adherence to legal requirements and administrative policies; 2) efficiency and economy in the use of public funds, prosperity manpower and other resources; 3) concerned with the results of government operation; 4) human resources accounting and the __________________  analogies of economics and social impacts of programs, and 5) emphasizes  procedures and methods operation and on the transformation of inputs to outputs.15 This study is an assessment of a project, which derives its finances from government funds, therefore projects implementers and all those involved in it are accountable to the people and the society. Another theory to support other variables identified in this study, such as attitudes and values of teachers, is that one advocated by Thorndike. The connectionist theory or the Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) theory. This view was based on the concept that bonds or connections are formed between situations and suppose. Thordike advocates the idea that learning results from translating sense impressions and impulses to action learning occurs through change in connection between particular stimulus and a response, hence, connections are the key to understanding a learning task. ___________________ 15 Carino, Ledevina, â€Å"Administrative Accountability: A Review of the Evolution, Meaning and Operationa-lization of a Key Concept in Public Administration). 16 Gregorio, Hernan, â€Å"Principles and Methods of Teaching†. In the same manner, the personal attitudes and values of the teachers may have much to do with their teaching effectiveness because they could be the basis for their behavior, decisions and choice. This is so because â€Å"values are deep-rooted motivations of behavior. They defined what is important to the individual.16 In this study, it may be stated that the attitudes and values of the General Science teachers will have bearing with their work as teachers. What they believe in and what they consider important will influence their decisions and choices. Conceptual Framework The framework for the evaluation process has three components: inputs, throughputs and outputs. A built-in-feedback mechanism is the place to  derived information for project revision or improvement. Following the evaluation process, the inputs of Project RISE in Region VIII in general and in the Division of Northern Samar in particular are the objective of the program, course content, participants, trainers, and training ___________________  procedures. The actual performance in the implementation of Project RISE will be expresses in terms the throughout or processes. These consists of the teachers’ attitude towards teaching General Science, the General Science content knowledge and skills, classroom management, time management, appropriateness of teaching strategies, skills in the utilization of instructional materials, and skills in maintaining classroom discussions and skill in motivating. It will also include the teachers’ teaching competencies in teaching General Science as perceived by the principles, the teachers’ own perceptions on how the Project RISE training improved the competencies as observes by their principles and the students’ performance in General science as measured by a test in General Science.

Project Report on Apple Inc. Essays

Project Report on Apple Inc. Essays Project Report on Apple Inc. Essay Project Report on Apple Inc. Essay I undersigned †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦a student of T. Y. B. B. A. , here by declare that the project work presented in this report is my own work and has been carried out under the supervision of prof. Kuldeep Jobanputra of R. P. Bhalodia College, Rajkot. This work has not been previously report submitted to any other university for any other examination. Date: Signature (†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. ) Place: Rajkot ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 1 With great experience enthusiasm I have presented my individual report in the T. Y. B. B. A. effectiveness. I convey to my gratitude to University, Mr. Kuldeep Jobanputra for his valuable guidance in the completion of my project report. I am also thankful those persons who help me to compel it. I am hardly thankful to whole Airtel consumers, especially for MR. AJAYBHAI. He has provided me totally information about my report. The Market research reports on Airtel on advertisement Preface 2 In this era of globalization where every minute India is moving a step ahead and expanding it horizontally, management in India is heading towards a profession. The demand for management’s professionals is increasing day by day. In such a competitive surroundings it becomes a requirement to have an edge over others and B. B. A is such a course, which helps and assists students in doing that. The practical studies are treated as a different subject in B. B. A which helps the students in practically applying their theoretical knowledge. It helps us to face competition, builds up our confidence and also add something to our personality. Over and above in this fast moving economy, here practical studies play an important role in our carriers. . 3 IN E DX Sr. no 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. General information articulars Pg. no 5 10 25 42 53 55 57 59 Marketing information Marketing research Research analysis Finding SWOT analysis Suggestion Concussion Bibliography 4 GNRL EEA IN O M T N F R A IO 5 A T LA B IF IR E T R E NAME OF FIRM: YAER OF ESTABISHED: Airtel 1976 ADDRESS: Maitri Communication, Dealer of Airtel, Mavdi Main Road, Opp fire station, Rajkot-30005. [emailprotected] in www. airtel. in E-MAIL:WEB SITE: AW ARDS AND CERTIFICATE: FORM OF ORGANISATION: AWARD FOR 4 YAER (1997 TO 00) BEST CELLULER COMPANY PRIVATE LIMITED BRANCHES: SIZE OF THE UNIT: FORM OF ORGANIZATION: ALL OVER IN INDIA LARGE SCALE UNIT MULTINATIONAL CO 6 About Bharti Televentures Bharti Tele-Ventures is Indias leading private sector provider of telecommunications services based on an aggregate of approximately 1,932,000 customers comprising of mobile, fixed-line and Internet customers, as of June 30, 2002. Of these, 1,607,000 are mobile customers. The company also provides VSAT, Internet and broadband network solutions. In addition, it offers national long distance services by providing data transmission services and voice transmission services. Bharti Tele-Ventures is a holding company and its operations are segmented into four divisions, operated by wholly owned subsidiaries: Mobile Bharti Cellular, Access Bharti Telenet, Long Distance Bharti Telesonic, Broadband Solutions Bharti Broadband Network. The Company today offers mobile services in Fifteen out of 22 circles in India. As of June 30, 2002, approximately 93% of Indias total number of mobile subscribers resided in BTVLs existing and proposed mobile circles, according to COAI reports. Bharti Tele-Ventures was the first private sector operator to provide fixed-line services in India when it commenced providing services in the Madhya Pradesh Chattisgarh circle in June 1998. BTVL recently launched its fixed-line services in the license areas of Haryana, Delhi, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka and thus became the first private sector service provider to provide fixed-line services in all its remaining licensed areas. 7 Bharti Tele-Ventures has always believed in creating strong partnerships with its joint venture partners. Today, Singlet and War burg Pincus are its leading partners. The other partners include leading international Insurance. financial investors such as International Finance Corporation, Asian Infrastructure Fund Group and New York Life 8 About Airtel Airtel †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. A vibrant new World of unlimited opportunities, where Air symbolized a word of unlimited freedom to think †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. to dream to achieve, where Tel connotes new innovative yet simple ways to communicate spontaneously, not just through words but through ideas, emotions and feelings. leadership. Airtel comes to you from Bharti Cellular Limited a part of the biggest private integrated telecom conglomerate, Bharti Enterprises. Bharti Enterprises has been at the forefront of technology and has revolutionized telecommunications with its world-class products and services. Established in 1976, Bharti has been a pioneering force in the telecom sector with many firsts and innovations to its credit. Bharti has many joint ventures with world leaders like Singtel (Singapore Telecom); War burg Pincus, USA; Telia, Sweden; Asian infrastructure find, Mauritius; International Finance Corporation, USA and New York Life International, USA. Bharti provides a range of telecom services, which include Cellular, cordless Basic, phones. Internet Apart and from recently being introduced largest National Long of Distance. Bharti also manufactures and exports telephone terminals and the manufacturer telephone instruments in India, it is also the first company to export its products to the USA. Bharti is the leading cellular service provider, with a footprint in 15 states covering all four metros. It has over one million satisfied customers. Together they represent a sensitive contemporary confident symbol for those who believe in true Launching of Airtel in Gujarat Ahmedabad, subsidiary Gujarat. of August 5, 2002: Bharti Cellular Limited, a Bharti Tele-Ventures, Indias leading telecom conglomerate, today announced the launch of Airtel mobile services in Speaking on the occasion Mr. Sunil Bharti Mittal, Chairman and Group Managing Director, Bharti Enterprises said It is my proud privilege to bring Airtel to Gujarat. Today we bri ng to Gujarat a worldclass network and a slew of unique benefits for the first time in India that only a true pan-India mobile player can offer. Mr. Sanjay Kapoor, Executive Director, Bharti Cellular Limited said, Ariel’s entry in Gujarat is a defining event which brings to our customers a bouquet of unique benefits. We are sure our service offerings will further stimulate growth and enhance the quality standards of mobile services in Gujarat. 10 Awards August 7, 2008: Bharti Airtel adjudged the ‘Best cellular services provider’ and ‘Best broadband service provider’ at the 2008 VD 100 Awards. July 11, 2008: Bharti Airtel Limited voted as India’s most innovative company, in a survey conducted by The Wall Street Journal. Bharti Airtel was ranked as the most innovative in responding to customer needs in a survey conducted to determine Asia’s 200 most-admired companies. The Asia Pacific Award for the Most Innovative HR practices-2000 The Golden Peacock National Training Award for excellence in Training practices-2000 The Golden Peacock National Quality Award-2001. June 13, 2008: Sunil Bharti Mittal received U. S. -India Business Councils Global Vision Award. The prestigious award recognizes his entrepreneurial zeal and contribution to Indian business Vision To make mobile communications a way of life and be the customers first choice. Mission We will meet the mobile communication needs of our customers through: Error- free service delivery Innovative products and services Cost efficiency Unified Messaging Solutions 11 Privacy Policy Airtel values the privacy of information pertaining to its associates. We do not use or disclose information about your individual visits to our portal or infor mation that you may give us, such as your name, address, email address or telephone number, to any outside sources. We will not use information about you without your permission and will provide the means for you to manage and control the information that you have provided. We will enable you to communicate your privacy concerns to us and that we will respond to them appropriately. We do not disclose any personal information to advertisers and for other marketing and promotional purposes that could be used to personally identify you, such as your password, credit card number and bank account number. The credit card transaction information is protected by the industry standard Secure Socket Layer (SSL). 12 M R E IN AKT G D P R MN EAT E T 13 IMPORTANCE OF MARKETING DEPARTMENT Marketing is the focus point of all business activities because the objectives of all business enterprise are to satisfy the needs and wants of the customers. Production and purchase has no meaning unless a firm is able to market the goods and services. Nothing happens unless somebody sells something. Marketing is the distinguishing feature of business. A business is essential part from all other human organization by the fact that it markets the product or services. Marketing is the basic operative function of all business firms. It serves on the basis of business planning and generates revenue for the firm. Efficient marketing management is essential for the survival and growth of every enterprise. Marketing is a system of integrated business activities designed to develop marketing plans and programs leading to the satisfaction of customer wants. Marketing department represents an important functional area of business management efforts for the flow of goods and services from the producer to the consumers. Marketing department of the Bharti televenture Limited is a crucial part of its organization. The company can achieve its subsidiary objectives along with the primary objectives with the help of marketing department. It not only helps the company to achieve the goals that are directly related to marketing department but 14 also helps in achieving the goals that are related to other departments of the organization. With the help of the marketing department Bharti televenture as a company has not been successful in gaining the sales volume but also earned goodwill for itself. As a result of the efforts made by the marketing department. Bharti televenture is enjoying a prestigious position in the telecom industry. 5 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE Organization means it is a group of people working together co-operatively under authority towards achieving goals and objectives that mutually benefits the organization. It may also be said as grouping activities is to be performed. We can also define as establishing relationship for the purpose of handling people to work effectively by main taining horizontal and vertical coordination. Market is related with creation of standard of living. Organization is a form of co-operative efforts. It can be said that marketing organization consists of no. of people with many different position. Take all the things away from me, take my wealth, take my industries, take my land, but with help of my efficient organization I will bring these all back within only 5 years. † Andrew Carnegie 16 DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL Company Distributor Dealer Salesmen Retailer Customer 17 MARKETING MIX Marketing is a comprehensive term; it includes all resources and a set of activities that facilitate the flow of goods services from product to consumers. To plan out marketing activities and to provide better facilities we have to select specific market target in from of market segments or sub division of market. The marketer formulates a combination of a number of devices or types of marketing activities that are co-ordinate into single marketing programmed to reach a particular target or market segment. The combination of those marketing methods or devices is known ad the marketing mix. Product mix Brand Style Colour Design Product line Package Warranty service Price mix pricing pricing policy basic price terms of credit discount allowance Marketing Strategy Marketing mix Focus on the target Market Promotion mix personal selling advertising publicity sales promotion dealers aids consumer aids Place mix distribution channel wholesaler retailer mercantile agents physical distribution transport warehouse inventory 18 COMPETITORS In the fast growing world of technology almost each and every company may be having some or the other competitors. Airtel faces competition from the following competitors in the local market. â€Å"Poor firms ignore their competitors; average firms copy their competitors; winning firms lead their competitors. † Today in this competitive world AIRTEL has got many competitors which are as follows: ? ? ? ? ? VODAFONE IDEA BSNL RELIANCE TATA INDICOM 19 CHARTS SHOWING DIFFERENT ADVERTISING MEDIA PRESS ADVTG. Newspaper Magazines Journals OUTDOOR ADVTG. Posters Boards Electric Display SandwichBoard Business Terms Trains Sky Advertising Others DIRECT MAIL Circular BusinessReply Envelopscards Price List Catalogue Folders Booklets PersonalLetter Others MISC. ADVTG. Radio TV Cinema Slides FairExhibition Loud Speakers Demonstration Posters Telegraph Dept. Others To serve the above-mentioned objective and to obtain the fruits by delivering all the benefits, advertising is the only way to reach the customers at minimum cost and maximum benefits. The company can advertise the products by taking the help of its own advertising department or by advertising agency. The agency’s major role is purchase of media time and space besides it is directly responsible for development of all advertising copy and of the commercial. There are various tools which are used to advertise the product or service like print media, direct mail, outdoor media, broadcast media, transit media and other form like demonstration, exhibition etc. newspaper magazines at national levels and they also advertise on T. V. r different channels ZEE, SONY, DDI, etc. they take the help of advertising agency. AIRTEL advertisement in all leading newspapers likes the Times of India, The Economics Times and they also take the help of transit media. Their theme of advertising is â€Å"Public awareness† which is becoming true because in this competition market. There was a controversy whether advertisement is expenditure or an investment. 20 SALES PROMOTIO N Sales promotion refers to activities other than personal salesmanship, advertising and publicity which stimulate consumers purchasing, dealer effectiveness e. . Display, exhibition and showroom demonstration, free samples, coupons, premiums and various other nonrecurring selling efforts not in the ordinary routine. It is plus ingredient in the marketing mix whereas advertising and personal salesmanship is essential basic ingredients in the marketing mix. SALES PROMOTION (BRIDGE) PERSONAL SELLING ADVERTISING 21 In short, sales promotion is a bridge or connecting link covering the gap between advertising and personal salesmanship the two wings of promotion. 22 M R E IN AKT G RSAC EE R H 23 Introduction to Market Research According to American Marketing Association â€Å"Marketing research is the systematic gathering, recording and analyzing of data about problems relating to the marketing of goods and services. † Management in any organization needs information in large quantity about potential markets and environmental forces in order to develop successful strategic marketing plans, and to respond to such changes in the market place. A mass of data is available both from external sources and within the firm. This forms a solid platform for a research to take place. Marketing Research includes all the activities that enable an organization, to obtain the information it needs to make decisions about its environment, its marketing mix and its present or potential customers and consumers. More specifically, Market Research is the development, interpretation and communication of decision oriented information to be used in the strategic marketing process. Marketing Research is the systematic design, collection, interpretation and reporting of information for help marketers solve specific marketing problem or to take advantage of marketing opportunities. It is a process of gathering information not currently available to decision makers. Marketing Research is conducted on a specialproject basis, with the research methods, adopted to the problems being studies and to changes in the environment. The Market Research society defines Marketing Research as â€Å"the collection and analysis of data from a sample of individuals or organizations relating to their characteristics, behavior, attitudes opinions or possessions. It includes all forms of marketing and social research such as consumer and industrials surveys psychological investigations, observational and panel studies. 24 Nature of Research The Marketing Research is carried out on Retailers of Airtel Limited is in nature of Applied Marketing Research. The research where the application of all Marketing Concept and Strategies have been put into practice. The nature of research is also Syndicate Research, which can be carried out by anyone, a part from Research Organization. The Res earch has been carried out through the universally favored approach of a personal interview survey. Applied Research is the one, which is carried out by applying all the marketing concepts into a subject that needs to be researched and through this application, the findings are presented in the forms of a report. I am using Applied Marketing Method at there 25 Objectives of Study Any activity done or to be done has certain objective behind it. As project report is a practical subject and also marketing is ever changing so not just depend on books and past data which are available to me, I prefer survey of consumer which is required to know the Buyer Behavior how differ from one shop to another and one consumer to another. The objectives of this survey on Advertising and Brand are: ? To identify the effectiveness of Airtel Advertising. ? To what extent they influence the purchase decision of the customers. ? To identify Brand awareness of Airtel. ? To know the importance of Brand Airtel among consumers. 26 Sample Survey The gathering of primary data through experimentation involves use of sampling, survey method and observations. The survey conducted on Retailers for Hutch Cellular Limited involved a survey based on personal interview. The details of the selected samples for the survey are as under: City chosen for Sample Survey:? Sample size:? Area selected :- Rajkot city 50 samples Kotharya road, Manhar plot, Raiya road, Dhebar road, Palace road, Sardar nagar road, Dr. Yagnik road, 27 MARKET RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Formulation of Research Problem Research Design Determination of Sources of Data Collection of Information Processing and Analysis Present the finding 28 FORMULATION OF RESEARCH PROBLEM First step of the marketing research process is the formulation of research problem. Marketing management must be carefully note to define the problem too broadly or too narrowly for the marketing researcher. The marketing manager and the researcher must work closely together to define carefully and agree on the research objectives. The manager’s best understand marketing research and how to obtain the information. In order to avoid waste of time and money it is necessary to define the problem in specific terms. The survey has been undertaken in order to answer some questions like ? Are you like to see advertisement? ? Through which media you came know about it? ? Do you know about the brand ambassador of the Air-tel? ? In your opinion through which media company can get maximum reward? 29 RESEARCH DESIGN The second step of the marketing research process calls for determining the information needed and developing a plan for gathering it efficiently. A research design can be defined as â€Å"The plan, structure and strategy of investigation conceived so as to obtain answers to research questions and to control variance. †. Designing a research plan calls for decisions on the data sources, research approaches, research instrument, sampling plan and contact methods. Once it is realized that the secondary data are insufficient, the researcher needs to decide upon one alternative design to collect the primary data. The three basic methods which can be used are: 1. The Observational Method: This method involves direct observation of people and situation through one way mirrors, hidden cameras or disguised observers. Direct observation involves watching actual behavior; indirect observation involves inferring behavior by looking at the result of that behavior. 2. The Experimental Method: The most scientifically valid research is experimental research. The purpose of experimental research is to capture cause-and-effect relationship by eliminating competing explanations of the observed findings. To the extent that the design and execution of the experiment eliminate alternatives hypothesis that might explain the result, research and marketing managers can have confidence in the conclusion. This method however, involves more time and is costly. 30 3. The Survey Method: Surveys are best suited for descriptive research. This method involves learning about people’s knowledge, beliefs, preferences and satisfaction and to measure these magnitudes in the general population. As in observation, survey research can be structured or unstructured. Structured survey use formal lists of question asked of all respondent the same way where as in unstructured researcher use an open format that lets the interviewer probe respondents and guide the interview, depending on their answers. There are three types of surveys namely: ? Telephone Survey ? Mail Survey ? Personal Interview Here, for the survey of retailers of Airtel I have used personal interview method as tool for data collection. 31 DETERMINATION OF SOURCES OF DATA In marketing research literature, there are two types of data: primary data and secondary data. The researcher can gather primary data or secondary or both. . Primary Data: The first hand data collected for a specific purpose or for a specific research project constitutes primary data. When the needed data do not exist or are inaccurate, incomplete or unreliable the researcher collects primary data. Most marketing research projects thus involve some primary data collection. The main primary data sources consist of consumers, dealers, buyers, etc. Consumers and buyers constitute the main source of information in most researches. A buyer may not be the user of the product, although in some cases the consumer and the buyer may be the same person. The normal producer is to interview some people individually or in groups to get on idea of how people feel about the topic in question and then develop a formal research instrument. (a) Survey by Questionnaire. (b) Panel Research. (c) Observation Approach. (d) Experimental Research 2. Secondary Data: Information collected by other organization or individuals which might be relevant to the study constitutes secondary data. Researchers usually start their investigation by examining secondary data to see whether their problem can be partly or wholly solved without collecting costly 2 primary data. Secondary data provides a starting point for research and offer the advantages of low cost and ready availability. (a) Published Survey of Markets. (b) General Library Research. (c) Government Publications and Reports. (d) All Advertising Media (Newspapers, magazines etc. ) (e) Trade Associations. (f) Universities. (g) Internal Sources. 33 COLLECTION OF INFORMATION Marketing researchers have a choice of two main research instruments in collecting primary data: Questionnaire and mechanical devices. Questionnaire: A questionnaire consists of questions presented to the respondents for their answers. Because of its flexibility, the questionnaire is by for the most common instrument used to collect primary data. In preparing a questionnaire, care should be taken in choosing the questions and their form, wording and sequence. The questions included in the questionnaire can be closed end questions prosperity all the possible answers and are easier to tabulate and interpret. Open end questions allow respondents to answer in their own words and they often reveal more as they give an insight into how people think. In my study, the questionnaire contained both open-end and closed-end questions depending upon the type of information to be gathered. Mechanical Device: Mechanical devices are occasionally used in marketing. They are used to measure the interest or emotions aroused by exposure to a specific situation. Sampling plan: After deciding research approach and instruments the marketing researchers must design a sample plan. This calls for three decisions. 34 Sampling Unit: The marketing researcher must define the target population that will be sampled. In my case the target population was the retailers selling sim card of Airtel Limited at Rajkot. Sample Size: Large samples give more reliable results than small samples. However, it is not necessary to sample the entire target population or even a substantial portion to achieve reliable results. In my survey the sample size was 50. Sampling Procedure: To obtain a representative sample a probability sample of the population should be drawn. Probability sampling allows the calculation of confidence limits for sampling errors. When the time and cost are involved the in probability sampling is excessive, marketing researcher will take non-probability samples. The various sampling method are as under: Probability Sampling Simple random sample Stratified random sample Cluster sample Non-probability Sampling convenient sample Judgment sample Quota sample My survey falls under the category of the convenient sample under Non-probability sampling. In this method the researcher is free to select. The respondents are selected on the basis of the being available at the time of survey. 35 INTRODUCTION OF ADVERTISEMENT Companies must do more than make good products-they must inform consumers about product benefits and carefully position products in consumers’ minds. To do this, they must skillfully use the mass-promotion tools. And advertising is the most effective tool. We are in 21st century, where there is cut-throat competition in the market and there are also numbers of Multinational Companies are as well as many MNC’S are coming day by day in our country, by offering world-class technology. It is very easy to enter in the market but very tough to survive or stay in competitive market. According to Peter Drucker, â€Å"Marketing means only create consumers. † But in reality it is too tough, so we must have such planed marketing strategies which catch the consumer once and never allows them to switchover other products. Out of all strategies advertising strategy is very important. Advertiser includes not only business firms, but also charitable organizations or trust, professionals, Government agencies that direct message to target publics. Ads are a cost-effective way to disseminate messages, whether to build brand preference or to educate people to avoid hard drugs. Meaning The term advertising originated from the Latin word â€Å"Adverto† which means to turn around. Thus according to this meaning advertising means an activity employed to draw attention to any object or purpose. Definition â€Å"Advertising is causing to know, to remember to do. 36 Advertising can be defined as mass, paid communication (presentation and promotion) of goods, services or ideas by an identified sponsor. It is paid communication because the advertiser has to pay for the space or time in which his advertisement appears. Advertising appears in recognized media, such as newspapers, magazines, radio, television, c inema film, outdoor hoardings and posters, direct mail and transit. STRENGTH OF ADVERTISING AS A PROMOTIONAL TOOL Advertising is a major promotion tool. It has the following basic plus points or strength as a promotion tool: 1. It offers planned and controlled message. 2. It can contact and influence numerous people simultaneously, quickly and at a low cost per prospect, hence it is called mass means of communication. 3. It has the ability to deliver message to audience with particular demographic and socio-economic features. 4. It can deliver the same message consistently in a variety of contexts. 5. It can reach prospects that can not be approached by salesmen. 6. It helps to presell goods and pull the buyers to retailers. 7. It offers a wide choice of channels for transmission of such as visual. . It is very useful to create maximum interest and offer adequate knowledge of the new product when the innovation is being introduced in the market. 37 IMPORTANCE OF ADVERTISING Nothing can except the mint can make money without advertising. Mass production and mass distribution totally depend on all forms of advertising and publicity. We can tell numerous people about a product or service in the quickest time i nterval at the lowest possible cost. Advertising by facilitating mass production and mass distribution has provided immense employment opportunities to people. It is responsible for creating and delivering rising standard of living to innumerable people. It has made possible tremendous industrialization and economic development in many countries. It is the backbone of modern national and international marketing. Modern advertising informs guides, educates as well as protects buyers, so that they can buy intelligently and raise their standard of living. In the marketing programme of a business enterprise, advertising is an indispensable tool supplemented by salesmanship and sales promotion. Advertising is to business what steam, electric or nuclear energy (motive power) is to industry. The wheels of industry and commerce cannot move with desirable speed without the propelling power of promotion mix. The advertising purpose and tasks of Airtel are set by marketing plans and strategies. Advertising is the use of paid for, sponsor identified material in mass media. The real purpose of advertising of Airtel is not only one, viz. , to sell something a product, a service, or merely an idea through effective communication. It attempts to stimulate sales to all customers (present, former and future). It has other purposes as well. It is used to reassure buyers that they have really made the best purchase. Thus, advertising of Airtel can build up brand loyalty. It can enhance the morale of the salespeople and dealers thereby securing enthusiastic distribution of products. It is also employed to promote the bright image of the company in the society. 38 SELECTION OF ADVERTISING MEDIA Selection of media is a crucial part of advertising. The steps here are deciding on desired reach, frequency, and impact; choosing among major media types; selecting specific media vehicles; deciding on media timing; and deciding on geographical media allocation. Then the result of these decisions needs to be evaluated. Media are the channel or medium by which advertisement reaches to the consumer. They are called wider and variety vehicles for advertiser for transmission of promotional message. While selecting media the characteristics of target audience is the major factor which decides how to give advertisement. Suppose a company who has target audience related to higher class and upper middle class can go through vehicle like television. The media planner has to know the capacity of the media types to deliver reach frequency, and impact. The major advertising media along with their costs, advantages and limitations should consider. 39 RESEARCH ANALYSIS FINDINGS 40 Are you like to see advertisement? Yes No 46 4 50 45 40 No. of person 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Yes No Series1 Analysis From the above mentioned graph we can analyze that out of 50 Person which I have gone through, all of them are watching the advertisement and 50 out of them 46 are watching the advertisement and only 4 people are not like to watching advertisement. Suggestion I would not like to do any suggestion because most of the people are watching advertisement of Airtel. 41 Have you seen the advertisement of Air-tel? Yes No 45 5 50 45 40 35 No. of people 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Yes No Series1 Analysis From the above mentioned graph we can analyze that out of 50 Person which I have gone through, all of them are watching the advertisement of Airtel and 50 out of them 45 are watching the advertisement of Airtel and only 5 people are not aware about the Airtel advertisement. Suggestion I would not like to do any suggestion because most of the people are watching the Airtel advertisement. 42 Through which media you came know about it? Newspaper Hording Television Retailer shop Other sources 20 10 8 10 2 25 20 No. of person 15 Series1 10 5 0 Newspaper Hording Television Retailer shop Other sources Analysis From the above mentioned graph we can analyze that out of 50 Person which I have gone through, all of them are watching the advertisement of Airtel and 50 out of them 20 are watching through Newspaper,10 are watching through hording,8 are watching through television,12 are watching through retailer and remaining are watching through other sources. Suggestion I would like to suggestion to company that they can increase their advertisement in television because maximum people are watching advertisement in television. 43 In advertisements which factor are very attractive? (Rank them) Theam Color combination Brand ambassador Massage Other Factors 2 10 3 24 1 Importent Factores Theam Color combination Brand ambassador Massage Other Factoers Analysis From the above mentioned graph we can analyze that out of 50 Person which I have gone through, all of them are watching the advertisement of Airtel and 50 out of them 12 are saying that Theam is important factors, 10 are saying color combinati on, 3 are saying brand ambassador 24 are saying Massage. Suggestion I would like to suggest to the company that they can Focuses more and more in their advertisement massage and theam because more people are concern with the massage in compare to other. 44 Do you know about the brand ambassador of the Air-tel? Yes No 32 18 35 30 no. of person 25 20 15 10 5 0 Yes No Series1 Analysis From the above mentioned graph we can analyze that out of 50 Person which I have gone through, all of them are watching the advertisement of Airtel and 50 out of them 38 are saying that they know about the brand ambassador of Airtel and only 18 are not know about the brand ambassador of Airtel. Suggestion I would like to suggest to the company that they can show the brand ambassador of company is in maximum time in their advertisement because maximum people can aware about that. 5 Do you get all information through advertisement of Air-tel? Yes No 24 26 26. 5 26 25. 5 25 24. 5 24 23. 5 23 Yes No No. of Person Series1 Analysis From the above mentioned graph we can analyze that out of 50 Person which I have gone through, all of them are watching the advertisement of Airtel and 50 out of them 24 are saying that they get all information through Airtel and 26 are say that they are not getting all information through advertisement of Airtel. Suggestion I would like to suggest to the company that they can show the maximum information in their advertisement. 46 Give your opinion about an attractiveness of air-tel advertisement? Excellent Best Good Average 10 15 18 7 Excellent Best Good Average Analysis From the above mentioned graph we can analyze that out of 50 Person which I have gone through, all of them are watching the advertisement of Airtel and 50 out of them 10 are saying that the attractiveness is Excellent,15 are saying that best,18 are saying Good, and 7 are saying Average. Suggestion I would like to suggest to the company that they have increase their attractiveness in their advertisement because give maximum information. 47 Every time company should change their advertisement? Yes No 40 10 50 No. of people 40 30 20 10 0 Yes No Series1 Analysis From the above mentioned graph we can analyze that out of 50 Person which I have gone through, all of them are watching the advertisement of Airtel and 50 out of them 40 are saying that company can change their advertisement frequently, and only 10 are say they are not change their advertisement. Suggestion I would not like to suggest to the company because company can change advertisement frequently. 48 In your opinion to gat maximum sale in Air-tel which policy of advertisement should company follow? Introduce new advertisement Change in advertisement Calibrate change Continue with the same 19 16 10 5 Introduce new advertisement Change in advertisement Calibrate change Continue with the same Analysis From the above mentioned graph we can analyze that out of 50 Person which I have gone through, all of them are watching the advertisement of Airtel and 50 out of them 40 are saying that company can change their advertisement frequently, and only 10 are saying that they are not changing their advertisement. Suggestion I would not like to suggest to the company because company can change advertisement frequently. 9 In your opinion through which media company can get maximum Newspaper Hording Television Retailer shop Other sources 15 8 10 22 5 reward? 25 No of person 20 15 10 5 0 r H or di ng Te le vi si R on et ai le rs ho O th p er so ur ce s N ew sp ap e Series1 Analysis From the above mentioned graph we can analyze that out of 50 Person which I have went through, all of them are wa tching the advertisement of Airtel and 50 out of them 15 are saying that company can get maximum reward throw newapaper,8 are saying throw hording,10 are saying throw Telivision,22 are saying throw Retailer shop. Suggestion 50 I would not like to suggestion to company that people can maximum reward throw the retailer shop so they can give their advertisement in there retailers. Airtel Vodaphone TATA Reliance Idea 13 13 6 8 10 Which company’s advertisement you most like? 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 e el e TA TA ho n nc Ai rt R el ia ap Id e a No. of person Series1 Analysis From the above mentioned graph we can analyze that out of 50 Person which I have went through, all of them are watching the advertisement of Airtel and 50 out of them 13 are saying that they have like a airtle’s advertisement,13 are saying vodaphone,6 saying TATA,8 saying Reliance, 10 saying Idea. Vo d 51 Suggestion I would not like to suggestion to company that they have give more and more advertisement in compare to other company. And get maximum selling in market. FUTURE PLANS FUTURE PLANS As we know that each and every company want to achieve high position in this competitive market. One must decide about future because it is uncertain. 52 So format a future goal and go ahead. Here following are the main future plans of Airtel. ? To increase the market share ? To share maximum market in advertisement ? To provide maximum numbers of satisfied services to their retailers ? Secondly their long term plan is to be consistent in the policy adopted by them for the purpose of outright excellence in their field. Thus Airtel has no plans in particular except to lead the market in the crucial times of Cellular wars, and out rightly exceed the usage of land lines by wireless cellular telephones and maintain their standard of quality coverage. 53 SWOT ANALYSIS 54 SWOT ANALYSIS S W Strength Weaknesses High market share brand image To attract all class of customer Good service will increase the no. of users Emerging Competition like Reliance, TATA, BSNL, VODAFONE, etc. O Opportunities T Threats 55 CONCLUSION 56 CONCLUSION Airtel has good reputation in the market. Objective of survey is to know the advertisement effectiveness. I have already discussed the objects in the survey. The organization has good reputation in the market; however, it requires some efforts to maintain the reputation for the betterment of its future. However, now they are taking reasonable steps to improve its brand name and sales target. Lastly, I can say that Airtel has bright future for the coming years. And I hope this project report will help them taking right decision and fulfill their customer demands. Again, I am thanking to all who directly or indirectly helped me. Wishing Airtel, the best success †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 57 SUGGESTIONS 58 SUGGESTIONS After making a survey in Rajkot on Airtel, I have come to some conclusive suggestions, which are necessary for the company. From my point of view to maintain and improve the market share of Airtel, my main points or suggestions are: ? The company can also takes advantage of reduced taxes and other incentives granted by certain states in India for locating manufacturing facilities in such states and economic zone. ? Most of the retailers of Rajkot dont know about the services provided by Airtel. So company should concentrate on this point and advertise so they attract customers. ? Now a day advertisement is very important role in selling so they can increase their advertisement in all different sectors. So these are my suggestion to Airtel for his better future†¦.. 59 BIBLIOGRAPHY 60 BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Marketing Management By PHILIP KOTLER 2. Market Research By LUCK RUBIN 3. Web site www. airtel. in 61 MARKETING RESEARCH REPORT ON Advertising Effectiveness of Air-tel Q1Name: _________________________________________ Q2 Age: ____________________________________ Q3 Gender: Male Female Q4 Occupation: _____________________________ Q5 Contact no: _____________________________ Q6 are you like to see advertisement? (a) Yes (b) No Q7 Have you seen the advertisement of Air-tel? (a) Yes (b) No Q8 if yes, then through which media you came know about it? (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) Newspaper Hording Television Retail shop Other sources Q9 In advertisements which factor are very attractive? (Rank them) Theam Message Color combination Other factors Brand ambassador Q10 Do you know about the brand ambassador of the Air-tel? 62 (a) Yes (b) No Q11 Do you get all information through advertisement of Air-tel? (a) Yes (b) No Q12 Give your opinion about an attractiveness of air-tel advertisement? Excellent Best Good Average Q13 Every time company should change their advertisement? (a) Yes (b) No Q14 In your opinion to gat maximum sale in Air-tel which policy of advertisement should company follow? (A) Introduce new advertisement (B)Change in advertisement (C) Celebrity change (D) Continue with the same Q15 In your opinion through which media company can get maximum reward? Newspaper Television Hording Others Q16 which company’s advertisement you most like? Why? (A) Air-tel ____________________________________ (B)Vodafone _________________________________ (C)TATA _____________________________________ (D)Reliance _________________________________ (E)Idea ______________________________________ Q17 any, suggestion, if would you like to say for Air-tel? 63 ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ THANK YOU†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 64